· Your cat must see a vet cardiologist if one is available in your area in order to discover the type of heart disease your cat has, the prognosis, and treatment options. Most regular vets do not know enough about cardiology to treat heart disease.
· Your cat should at least have lasix-to get rid of congestion, and a beta blocker such as atenolol to slow the heart rate and ease the work of the heart. Other possible medications are listed below.
· Your cat must have a stress free life from now on: decrease the noise, the interactions with children or pets or strangers, and watch the cat for stress caused by storms or construction noise. Playtime should be kept to a minimal if the cat is recovering from an episode of congestion or other heart disease complication. Don't encourage running and jumping even if the cat is stable. If the cat is stable, let them play but not get too over worked.
· Your cat must be kept warm or cool. Keep the heat up or the air conditioning on and decrease the humidity. If you do not have air conditioning, buy a window unit which you place in the window or that vents outside through the window screen (which I prefer because you don't have to take down any screens, leave the house vulnerable to theft, and you can keep bugs out.)
Affording Cat Care
Affording Cat Care
· When getting meds for your cat, compare prices between the vet, the local pharmacy, and online pet med stores (see the Medication tab for more info.) Local pharmacies usually offer the same medications for your cat that the vet carries and can often be less expensive. But make sure they have the dose or milligrams that you need.
· Shop around for an affordable cardiologist and vet that your cat needs. Time and distance may be a deciding factor as well as cost but know your options.
· If possible, get pet insurance. But some don’t cover pre-existing conditions (they won’t insure a sick cat).
· Set a monthly budget for cat care-meds, vet visits, cardio; and set aside a monthly savings for emergency care.
· There is also Care Credit which is like a loan that you borrow against, pay back in six months interest free. For every $1000 you borrow, you’ll pay back about $166 a month in six months (more or less as there are various terms. Check online with Care Credit and check to make sure your local emergency, vet, and cardiologist take Care Credit.)
When Transporting Your Cat
· Always use a carrier. While your cat might sit in the car seat and not roam, most cats roam and can get stuck under seats and front panels of the car. In an accident, the cat would fly through the car and be severely injured.
· Place a thick towel in the carrier to give cushion to the cat. While you could also use a small blanket, a towel would absorb any urine better than a blanket. We also line the carrier with bed liner pads (we buy the ones for humans and we buy them from Target.)
· Cover the carrier to not only protect the cat from the sun but to shield it from noise and movement. A cat feels protected when it is enclosed (most cats do any way.) It will decrease stress.
· Place a blanket or towel under the carrier on the seat to cushion the carrier from car engine noise and the movements of the car as it travels.
· Always strap the carrier in with the seatbelt.
Treatment Options for Cats with Heart Disease
· There are many different types of medications that can be given to a cat depending on severity and symptoms of the disease.
· Lasix is a diuretic and is necessary to rid the body of extra fluid and to control the level of fluid in the body. Will help prevent or decrease the ability of CHF to form and will aid in the breathing function.
· ACE inhibitors such as enalapril, slow the heart rate and lower blood pressure and keep blood veins from being constricted.
· Beta blockers such as atenolol slow the heart rate and help lower blood pressure.
· Plavix and aspirin act as blood thinners which decreases the chance of a blood clot forming; thinner blood lessens the work of the heart.
· Spironolactone acts as a diuretic and helps to preserve much needed potassium which is necessary for kidney function.
· A cat with heart disease and which is on meds, needs a good overall vitamin made for cats.
· Other supplements that aid in heart health are amino acids (those formulated only for cats), and COQ10. Potassium supplements (cats may take almost any form made for humans but check the brand or type with your vet) will increase the blood potassium levels that usually fall due to the much needed lasix. The vet will do a CBC/chem blood panel from time to time to check the body's function and overall health as well as the effects of medications on the liver and kidneys. The results should always be reviewed with the vet and any levels too high (hyper) or too low (hypo) should be discussed.
Blood Clots in the Legs-What to Watch For
*Look closely at your cat’s legs as it walks. Does it slip from time to time? Is it on pain meds or something like Valium that could affect muscle tone? Or is there a problem with the leg and the ability to walk? A call to the vet should be placed. If the cat seems in pain or cannot walk, then a visit to the vet or ER is warranted.
*Check the paw, paw pads, and color of nail beds now to know how they normally look. If you feel your cat’s paws and think they feel cold, check the color of the paw pads and the nail beds. If the nail beds (which should be pink) are getting blue/black or dark grey (as long as dark grey isn’t part of the cat’s normal toe bed color) then a trip to the vet or ER is needed immediately. This could indicate a blood clot in the legs that is causing loss of circulation, blood loss, lack of feeling, and eventually pain and an inability to walk.
*Does your cat clean or pick at its paws or nails? Cats clean all the time but if the paw bothers the cat because there’s a blood clot, they will pick at it. They will also pick at a paw if there is an infection on the paw pads.
Behavioral Issues Might Indicate Illness
*Is your cat howling in pain? Is your cat lying down, lethargic, almost unresponsive and crying out in pain? These are signs of illness and the cat may be in serious trouble with either kidney, heart disease, or other illness. The cat must see the vet or the ER vet immediately. A cat that howls in pain-even if it eats a bit or uses the litter box-is a cat that is very sick. See the vet NOW.
*Has your cat ever blanked out? When your cat is walking around or playing or interacting with you, have you ever noticed it suddenly seem to not know what it is doing? Has this trance or pause lasted only a few seconds to 30 seconds or so? Has your cat ever lifted its paw as if it is trying to decide what to do with it? These could be due to arrhythmia, an unusual heartbeat and should warrant a call to the vet and a visit to the vet. If it passes in a few seconds, then call the vet cardiologist and discuss it with the vet. If it is prolonged, then a rush to the ER or vet cardiologist immediately is necessary. This means that there is a problem with the heart beating, circulating blood, etc. and it needs to be taken care of as soon as possible.
*Have you noticed your cat being sleepy, quiet, or a lack of play or a lack of energy? This is important to note because it could be due to congestion in the lungs or an increase in heart size. A visit to the vet cardiologist is needed.
*Has the breathing rate of the cat increased even at rest or while sleeping? Does the cat that is normally breathing 26-30 now breathing 30-40 per minute? This is very important to note and could mean congestion in the lungs. A call and a visit to the vet cardiologist are needed immediately. Additional lasix might be warranted.
*Is your cat not eating well? Is your cat not urinating enough? Is your cat not drinking enough? Or is the cat eating too much, drinking too much, and urinating too much? These are not normal, even for a cat sick with a heart disease. This requires a trip to the vet to pinpoint any problems.
*Is your cat hiding? Cats that are well do not hide. Cats that are sick will hide. A trip to the vet or ER is necessary. Sure, your cat likes to climb shelves, sleep under the bed, crawl under a blanket, be quiet and disappear for a few hours. But is it now disappearing for hours on end and not interacting, not playing, not coming out to greet you when you get home, and not wanting to eat? Those are signs that a cat is very ill.
*For possible urinary/bladder issues, check the Litter box tab and Other Health Issues tab.
Vital Signs
Breathing:
- Around 20 - 30 breaths per minute in a cat at rest is normal.
- Average normal at rest is 24.
- One up and down chest movement is one count. How many of these do you count in 15 seconds? Times that number by 4 to get a per minute breathing rate.
Temperature:
100-102 is normal
How to Pill a Cat:
1) Cut pills per vet's instructions. Dip the cut pills into wet cat food to coat them. Then place them one at a time in the back of the roof of the cat's mouth; close mouth; follow with a small bit of water from an eye dropper placed in the side of the mouth. Make sure the cat swallows and does not spit it out. Repill if that happens.
2) Some people use pill pockets for ease of pilling. Place cut pills in pill pockets and pop into the cat's mouth.
3) Gel caps allow you to place a dose of pills-if you have more than one pill to give at a time-into one container, making it only one dose that you'll give the cat. You can purchase gel caps either from the local pharmacy or online. Gel caps come apart in two. You can place the pills in them depending on the size you are able to use with your cat. After filling the gel cap, close up the two halves and coat the gel cap in wet cat food. Then place it in the back of the cat's throat and follow up with some water. I recommend that you buy from a local pharmacy first to see if they work for you. You should be able to buy just a few instead of a whole box. Then if they work for you, you might be able to order more online. Unfortunately, gel caps made Myrna vomit. When we stopped using them, she stopped vomiting. We tried this for a week and knew quickly that there was a problem.
4) Some pet owners are able to place pills into a plastic syringe and then "squirt" the pills into the back of the cat's throat. This is very tricky and can lead to choking or inhaling of the meds. Not to be done quickly or without much practice.
5) Some pet owners place pills in food, hoping the cat will eat all of it in the food. Unless you only have one cat, unless the cat licks the plate or bowl clean, do not use this method. Too much of the med can get left behind this way.
6) Some meds can be made into liquid form for ease of giving by mouth or gel form which is placed on the cat's ear to be absorbed, otherwise known as "transdermal". Lasix should not be given via transdermal because the absorption rate may vary and it is necessary to have lasix in the body as quickly as possible so that it can get rid of fluids.
How to Feed a Sick Cat That is Having Trouble Eating
When feeding a sick cat that won't eat, you can give tuna juice by mouth, cat sip or kitten milk from the pet store (but watch for signs of diarrhea so maybe 3ml at a time) and you can make homemade chicken or beef broth. The cat needs hydration-so water by mouth is fine also. But it needs protein which is why tuna and chicken and beef broth are good alternatives. These can also be added to wet food if the cat is eating wet food. They will enhance the flavor, provide hydration, or entice the cat to eat the wet food if the cat is having trouble eating. Depends on the cat of course.
BE CAREFUL when buying broth from the store. We were told by the ER to give Cooper low sodium broth by mouth if he wasn't eating on his own. But broth usually has garlic and onion in it (which I had forgotten and cats CANNOT have at all.) Low-sodium broth (that we saw at the store) has even MORE which we could smell once we opened the container. So, I make my own with only some salt added.
Salt/sodium is an electrolyte and serves many valuable functions by regulating blood pressure, fluid retention, muscle and nerve functions. For a cat with heart disease, too much salt can lead to fluid retention. This causes blood pressure to rise. Fluid retention can also lead to CHF in the cat. And yet, too little and the body can experience other difficulties with low blood pressure (weakness, fainting, etc.) So, a little is needed for the cat but not too much.
Always ask the vet/cardiologist if the cat should have an appetite stimulant. If the cat is on a psychotropic, the cat may have to decrease or avoid that med in order to take the stimulant.
The stimulant can make the cat too wired which may cause them not to eat. I would recommend starting with a half dose, waiting a couple of hours, and then giving another half dose if the cat has not begun to eat. If the eating problem continues, you will need to call the vet for advice on further doses or other solutions.
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